Lao People’s Democratic Republic’s National Day, December 2nd 2010
Hillary Rodham Clinton
Secretary of State
Washington, DC
November 30, 2010
On behalf of President Obama and the people of the United States, I congratulate the people of the Lao People’s Democratic Republic on your National Day on December 2.
This year, the United States and Laos marked 55 years of diplomatic relations, and I was honored to welcome Deputy Prime Minister Thongloun Sisoulith to Washington in July for the most senior-level visit from Laos since 1975. Laos has made notable political, social, and economic progress in recent years, and our two countries have done a great deal to strengthen our bilateral relationship. From signing a landmark Open Skies Agreement that facilitates international travel, to increasing military-to-military cooperation, to collaborating in the fight against pandemic diseases, the United States is committed to working with Laos in areas of mutual interest. We will continue working together to reduce the impact of unexploded ordnance from previous conflicts, address education and environmental challenges in the Lower Mekong region, and promote sustainable economic development. As part of these endeavors, we support the Lao Government’s efforts to join the World Trade Organization and to fully implement our Bilateral Trade Agreement.
On this festive occasion, I wish all Lao people a happy celebration with peace and prosperity in the coming year.
SENG LY and his wife, My Thao, share lunch at Valley American Asian Foods, a store they own on Elsie Street in Appleton. Seng Ly's alliance with U.S. military troops during combat missions in Vietnam eventually led his family to flee to the United States. (Post-Crescent photo by Sharon Cekada)
APPLETON — Hmong army Maj. Lo Lee’s instructions were crystal clear.
Fight the communist North Vietnamese army in Laos. Stop enemy soldiers and supplies from using the Ho Chi Minh Trail and, most urgently, rescue any U.S. pilot blown out of the sky over Laos.
“When an American pilot was shot down, our instructions were to get that pilot out no matter what the cost. Even if five or 10 Hmong soldiers died, we were never to give up,” said Lee, who four decades later is leader of the Hmong-American Partnership in Appleton.
Some 20,000 Hmong soldiers were killed during more than a decade of fighting as part of the war the U.S. secretly waged in their homeland of Laos during the Vietnam War era. After the war ended, thousands more Hmong were killed at the hands of the communist Laotian government. Still thousands more were forced to flee, never to return.
Even so many years later, their dedication is fueling a push in Congress to allow Hmong veterans to be buried in national cemeteries. Twenty-three representatives, including four from Wisconsin, are sponsoring a bill to extend the burial benefit now reserved mostly for U.S. military personnel.
The proposal, which awaited action in a subcommittee as federal lawmakers returned to work this past week, underscores the often forgotten sacrifice made by a far-away people who, through war, became inextricably linked to places like Appleton, Menasha and Neenah.
“Our Hmong veterans fought shoulder to shoulder with American soldiers during the Vietnam War. Our nation owes a debt of gratitude to these patriotic individuals, and their service should be honored with burial benefits in our national cemeteries,” U.S. Rep. Jim Costa, D-Calif., author of the bill, said in July when he introduced it.
Costa estimates that about 6,900 Hmong veterans would be eligible for the benefits. The Department of Veterans Affairs would have to verify their service.
The federal government operates 131 national veterans cemeteries in 39 states, including one in Wisconsin. Also, state officials say the federal change automatically would open up Wisconsin’s three state veterans cemeteries to Hmong soldiers if they are state residents when they die.
That would suit Lee.
“It would be a matter of pride, privilege and honor for Hmong veterans to be buried alongside their colleague soldiers from the United States…,” he said.
State cemetery option
Wisconsin rules that block burial of Hmong veterans in state cemeteries automatically would change to match federal law if Congress approved the bill, said Mark Mathwig, director of the Bureau of Cemeteries for the state Department of Veterans Affairs.
“Everything that applies to national cemeteries applies to state veterans cemeteries,” Mathwig said, noting one additional state rule requires veterans seeking burial in state cemeteries to be Wisconsin residents when they die.
Wisconsin’s only national cemetery, the Wood National Cemetery, located on the grounds of the Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center in the community of Wood near Milwaukee, has no room for new burials. But, all three state-run cemeteries have available space, Mathwig said.
Although it sounds simple enough, there could be a catch.
Because of the secret nature of the war in Laos, Hmong veterans were not provided the discharge papers given to U.S. military members when the war ended for them.
That paperwork traditionally is required as proof of military service when applying for veterans benefits, said Jon Li Donne, veterans service officer for Waupaca County.
“The question is, seeing (as) the Hmong weren’t American citizens when the CIA bought them, they may not be recognized as veterans because they (Congress) would have to give them full veterans benefits,” Meidam said.
But Costa’s bill narrowly defines its intent as interment in national cemeteries without any provisions for extending additional benefits.
A similar benefit was previously accorded to members of the Philippine military who aided the United States during World War II.
U.S. Rep. Steve Kagen, D-Appleton, said Hmong soldiers deserve the burial benefit and he hopes Congress acts soon on the bill.
“Our comrades in arms, the brave Hmong who fought with us in Vietnam, also deserve to be interred in our national cemeteries…,” Kagen said.
‘We relied on each other’
Lee’s role in the war primarily was to assess the needs of surviving relatives of the dead soldiers.
“I would travel from region to region to gather data. It was a very difficult thing,” Lee said. “There were so many families where the father was killed, leaving several children in the 6-to-7-year-old range and just the wife to take care of them.”
“Imagine what it must have been like to figure out how to feed all those children. It was terrible,” Lee said.
Sometimes an elderly Hmong couple would lose their only son to the war — a son who had taken care of them.
“That was a horrible memory for those older people. They would cry and cry. I saw many people in that situation,” Lee said.
Lee said it wasn’t a difficult decision for the Hmong to help the Americans.
“Our people had been living with communism and didn’t like the system. The Americans came, and America was a superpower that had a good chance to win the war.”
American veterans of the Vietnam War also want to see their Hmong comrades honored with the burial benefit.
“I don’t think most (Vietnam veterans) would have a problem with the Hmong being buried in national and state veterans cemeteries. They (Hmong) did a lot to help the U.S. out in the war,” said Leon Meidam, a member of Vietnam Veterans of America Chapter 351 in the Fox Cities.
Meidam served two tours of duty in Vietnam with the 101st Airborne Division in 1970 and 1971, first in a ground reconnaissance unit and then as a crew member flying small helicopters to either to fire directly on enemy soldiers or to search out targets for bombing missions by other pilots.
“The Hmong paid quite a price for helping the United States and got a lot of (downed American pilots) out of Laos,” Meidam said. “A lot of people don’t know what they did.”
Lee doesn’t know what made the relationship between the Hmong and Americans so strong.
“But you could see in the eyes and faces of the American soldiers that they trusted us and wanted to help us so much,” he said. “We relied on each other so much.”
Steve Wideman: 920-993-1000, ext. 302, or swideman@postcrescent.com
By Supalak Ganjanakhundee
The Nation
Published on November 25, 2010
Raising King Anouvong’s statue in the Laotian capital Vientiane could either be seen as a direct challenge to Thailand’s superior status or a strong message calling on its citizens to be brave and its ruling regime to stand firm in the face of dominance from all directions.
It is interesting that the Marxist-Leninist regime chose to use ancient kings instead of communist icons and contemporary heroes for its state-building endeavour. This could possibly be because the Laotians worship kingly spirits – they would never bow to a commoner.
Before King Anouvong, Laotian authorities put up King Fa Ngum’s statue in January 2003 as a memorial to the great unifier of the Lan Xang Kingdom in the 14th century.
Statues of old kings are not new to Vientiane. There’s already one of King Xetthathirat, who moved the capital city from Luang Prabang to Vientiane 450 years ago, and King Sisavang Vong, who played a part in the country gaining independence from the French.
The newest statue of King Anouvong, meanwhile, tells the story of a brave struggle against Siamese conquerors during his reign from 1805 to 1828.
King Anouvong took the throne when the Lan Xang kingdom was a part of the Siamese kingdom and he decided to shake off the yoke when, on a visit to Bangkok, he saw the harshness meted out to Lao prisoners. History has it that he personally was treated badly while attending King Rama II’s funeral.
Though he lost the battle against Siam, King Anouvong became a national hero and legend for the Lao people, even though in the Thai point of view, he was a mere rebel. The Siamese army ransacked the Lao capital, causing the downfall of the Lan Xang kingdom.
The ruling Lao People’s Revolutionary Party put up the statue as a memorial to the great king 182 years later and to mark the capital city’s 450 years.
The 8-metre statue faces the west, gazing across the mekong River at Thailand. His left hand holds up a sword, as his right hand points forward.
The Laotian government explained that the statue is meant to look like the king is mobilising his troops, but the costume is that of peaceful times. The king’s belt features the Naga, which is a Buddhist symbol of peace.
Government officials said the statue depicted King Anouvong as a brave king who never surrendered to Siamese dominance and is meant to remind the citizens that the country needs a leader like him.
Laos is a tiny country surrounded by big ones – Thailand is in the west, Vietnam in the east and the giant China in the north.
A balance of power among the major powerhouses is the only key for its survival.
These days, China is pouring a lot of resources into Laos in terms of grants, financial aid, soft loans and investment. It is difficult to resist an influx of Chinese people and cultural influence into Laos.
Meanwhile, Vietnam’s influence over the ruling party is also difficult to resist because they share a common history of struggling for independence. As for Thailand, it is practically a blood brother and has influenced Laos economically, socially and culturally for a long time.
Let’s hope that King Anouvong helps the brave Laotians protect their tiny nation from being taken over by others.
File Format: PDF/Adobe Acrobat – Quick View
of the committee responsible for the casting of the King Anouvong statue. Standing Deputy Prime Minister Somsavat Lengsavad, who led the meeting, … www.laoembassy.com/
BANGKOK, Nov 27 (Bernama) — A high-speed train project, a planned joint investment project between Thailand and China, which will link between the Thai capital and Nong Khai province bordering Laos is expected to be completed in late 2015, Thai News Agency (TNA) quoted Supoj Saplom, permanent secretary for Thai Transport Ministry, as saying.
Supoj said after a meeting of the working committee on Friday that the meeting had discussed on preparing a draft of memorandum of understanding (MoU) on the joint venture project. The draft is expected to be ready in early January next year and forward to the cabinet for its consideration later the same month before it is submitted to the parliament for its consideration and approval in February.
The parliamentary process is expected to be completed in March while construction could start in 2011 and furnished in late 2015, Supoj said.
Initially, the Beijing investment on the project between the two countries will be on a 50-50 per cent basis while the Thai finance ministry is responsible on investment details of the project.
Two more senior Thai officials — one from Finance Ministry and the other from Foreign Affairs Ministry — have been appointed to join the working committee as the entire process involves a joint investment between the two countries.
Distance between Bangkok and Nong Khai is about 640 kilometres. Previously, the scheme involved on constructing a high-speed train with dual rail track at construction costs estimated at Bt180 billion. But the costs could be lower between 20-30 per cent after the system is switched to a standard gate high-speed train system. Upon completion, the rail system could lower goods transportation costs as well as boosting tourism between Thailand and Laos.
Thailand’s joint parliamentary meeting on Oct 26 has approved a proposed draft framework of Thailand-China negotiations to construct a high-speed train system in Thailand.
Thai Prime Minister Abhisit Vejjajiva met his Chinese counterpart Wen Jiabao on Nov 12 and the latter agreed to speed up negotiations to construct a high-speed train system in Thailand.
The Chinese premier said the discussion should begin with the details of the routes and format of joint investment, according to Abhisit.
Laos has shelved plans to build a railway to connect its capital with Nong Khai to avoid duplication with a proposed high-speed train project from China to Thailand that would pass through Laos.
Permanent secretary for transport Supoj Saplom was informed by representatives of the Lao Ministry of Public Works and Transport yesterday of the cancellation of the planned 1.65 billion baht project to lay a nine-kilometre-long track from the Tha Naleng railway station on the Laos side of the border to Vientiane.
The track currently crosses into Laos from Nong Khai over the Thai-Lao Friendship Bridge and terminates at Tha Naleng station.
Mr Supoj said Lao authorities determined the project would be redundant given the planned high-speed train project which would link Thailand and China via Laos.
Tha Naleng station will be developed into a cargo yard to service that proposed joint venture, which would have trains travelling at an average speed of 250km/h.
The shelved project was to have been a Thai-Lao joint venture, with a Thai grant covering 30% of its cost and a Thai soft loan taking care of the rest.
However, Lao and Thai transport authorities did agree to build a new bridge next to the friendship bridge across the Mekong River to support trains.
Currently road traffic on the friendship bridge must be halted for two hours when a train crosses the river, which it does twice daily. Thailand will hire a contractor to design the new bridge and both countries will form a joint committee to consider the design and where the bridge will be constructed on the respective countries’ soil.
The Lao and Thai governments have yet to determine how the new bridge will be financed.
Also discussed at yesterday’s meeting was cooperation on a new tourism-oriented bus service from Thailand to Vietnam via Laos.
Thailand and Vietnam are eager to begin the new service, but Laos has been hesitant.
The meeting concluded that the three countries should form a committee to pave the way for transnational road transport.
Officials will need to iron out the type of buses to be used in the project. Thailand prefers 24-seater coaches, while Laos wants 32-seater buses to keep fares affordable.
Mr Supoj suggested that both types of buses be offered.
He added that representatives of Thai Airways International (THAI) and Lao Airlines would discuss alternatives after the Lao Civil Aviation Department rejected an agreement between the airlines to increase the number of seats on flights between the two countries from 2,100 to 2,772 a week.
THAI already sold its tickets last month based on the 2,772-seat figure, so the Laos government’s rejection of the agreement could have a serious impact on the company.
Mr Supoj said Laos wanted to promote its airline, which has a 23% market share compared to THAI’s 77%.
THAI wanted to increase the number of weekly seats allowed because it was replacing its Boeing aircraft with larger Airbuses.
Mr. Norkham is a 6th generation descendant of King Anouvong.
The historians have been actively gathering information about the former monarch’s past before a new statue is unveiled at Chao Anouvong Park later this year. The event will be part of activities to mark the 450th anniversary of Vientiane as capital of Laos.
Chao Anouvong was the last king of the Vientiane monarchy, reigning in the Lao capital from 1805 to 1828.
The committee responsible for creating the statue wants to make it as close to lifelike as possible, according to the Lao historians who have pored over reams of historic documents to ensure its accuracy.
The historians and officials from the Ministry of Information and Culture have recently discovered important evidence including a stamp which was used to authorise documents in Chao Anouvong’s reign.
They have also found many of the king’s personal possessions which have been used to shed further light on his past.
Recently, the team went to Savannakhet province to visit a family which claims Chao Anouvong as an illustrious ancestor.
Mr Norkham claims to be a sixth generation descendant of the 19th century ruler.
To verify the claim, the team dug deeper by talking to his elderly family members, in search of clues that could link them to the king.
One relative told historians the story of Chao Anouvong’s sixth wife.
Modern-day Xepon district was formerly known as Vang Ang Kham and was ruled by the younger brother of King Kamsomphou. When he passed away, Vang Ang Kham was left without a ruler and the people decided to ask Chao Anouvong in Vientiane to give them a leader.
The king responded to the request by appointing his sixth wife, Nanglao, who was about six months pregnant, to rule Vang Ang Kham.
Before she left Vientiane, the king told his queen to send her baby back to Vientiane if it was female; if it was male, the child would be allowed to rule Vang Ang Kham.
The baby was a boy and, in successive years, Vang Ang Kham was ruled by Chao Anouvong’s descendants, with Mr Norkham believed to be the son of Chao Teng, who once ruled the district.
The 77-year-old bears a strong physical appearance to portraits of Chao Anouvong. He also has two elderly relatives who are believed to be daughters-in-law of Chao Anouvong’s successors – Aunt Kaly, who is 99, and Aunt Mang, who is thought to be an incredible 120 years old.
Mr Norkham has sons and a daughter.
Because of his physical similarity to Chao Anouvong, Mr Norkham has been chosen as the model for the king’s statue. A team of 15 Lao craftsmen is currently working on the bronze figure.
“Since Chao Anouvong is remembered for reuniting the country, his statue will depict the strength of his leadership, and should be as close to lifelike as possible,” said the Head of the Ministry of Information and Culture’s Fine Arts Department, Dr Bounthieng Siripaphanh.
With a wealth of existing history related to Chao Anouvong, the committee responsible for organising the anniversary celebrations is confident it will not be difficult for craftsmen to create a statue which bears a lifelike resemblance to the king. The committee is raising funds to supplement the budget allocated by the government for the project.
The statue, which is costing about 5 billion kip to make, will stand about 8 metres high and 3 metres wide. The king will be represented holding a sword in his left hand while gesturing with his right.
According to Lao history, the eighteenth century brought the decline of the Lane Xang monarchy. The Kingdom split into three hostile dynasties and was invaded and controlled by Siamese feudalism. However, the Lao people maintained their unity, frequently rebelling against Siamese dominance. The most outstanding movement was the nation-wide campaign led by national hero King Anouvong in 1827-1828. Though the uprising was quelled, the movement was a significant page in Lao history in the cause of national defence and has ever since been remembered as such.
Between 1828 and 1829 Siam forced more than 100,000 Lao people, including king family members to resettle as prisoners of war in Bangkok. The Siamese ransacked and burned all houses in the capital, stealing valuables from all temples in Vientiane (except Sisaketh Temple). They also took the most sacred Buddha images – the Phra Bang and the Emerald Buddha – from the Lao capital.
Source: Vientiane Times
June 26, 2010.
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Case Study from Thai side:
**ประวัติศาสตร์อันขมขื่น**
The real history of Chao Anouvong, he want to get rit of Khorat’s governor who oppress Lao people
แต่ การอพยพของพวกที่ลงมาจากลุ่มแม่น้ำโขงตอนบนนั้น คงมีอย่างปกติ แม้ในชั้นหลังทำให้ชนกลุ่มล้านนา กับชนกลุ่มล้านช้างชีวันตรายธรรมร่วมกัน ซึ่งทางอยุธยาหรือกรุงเทพฯ ก็เรียกชนสองกลุ่มนี้ว่า ลาว และ John F. Cady กล่าวไว้ในหนังสือ Its Historical Development ว่า คนลาวนั้นเป็นพวกเดียวกันกับพวกเชียงใหม่ ความคิดเห็นของนักประวัติศาสตร์ตะวันตกก็สอดคล้องกับเนื้อหาในตำนานและ ประวัติศาสตร์ไทยและลาว
ประชาชนลาวเฉลิม ฉลองเวียงจันทน์450ปี ชาตินิยมแบบคอมมิวนิสต์ลาว เชิดชูสดุดี”เจ้าอะนุวง”อย่างสูงส่ง เปิดอนุสาวรีย์สูง8.29เมตรบนแท่นสูง 5.50เมตร
จบคำกล่าวรายงานของ สหายสมสะหวาด เล้งสะหวัด กรรมการกรมการเมืองประจำศูนย์กลางพรรคฯ รองนายกรัฐมนตรี สหายจูมมะลี ไซยะสอน ได้ทำพิธีจุดธูปเทียนชัย และลั่นฆ้องชัย 9 ครั้ง ถวายแด่ ‘เจ้าอะนุวง’ วีรกษัตริย์องค์สุดท้ายแห่งราชวงศ์ล้านช้างเวียงจันทน์
